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Public diplomacy was one of the key Cold War. With the end of the bipolar world, it became less popular. In the new global political and communication context there was a need for a new approach. Public diplomacy based on cooperation with non-state actors, two-way communication and the use of new technologies was labeled the new public diplomacy. The concept appeared as a mostly academic term, but soon it also became widely applied by practitioners. In this book are analyzed three models of contemporary public diplomacy: American model, Chinese and Russian.
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Public Diplomacy is a new born concept; it was coined in 1965 by Edmund Gullion, Beyond traditional diplomacy, public diplomacy is the way governments cultivate, inform and influence foreign opinions in support of foreign policy's goals. It is all about people, nowadays foreign policy emphasizes on people and tactical approaches that strengthen relationship between governments and global audience. The Arab Gulf Public Diplomacy is at work; many gulf countries seek to promote their image through understanding, informing and influencing foreign audiences. They share the same history and culture, the same resources but not the same image. Kuwait, Dubai and Qatar fight to be the leader in the region to be powerful and to compete to be the best, and the ultimate ally of the West. They are trying to seduce the whole world to believe in their relevant roles. Huge efforts are done to shape international opinions, the three countries show a given image and each one undertakes Public...
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The effectiveness of public diplomacy is measured by minds changed. In order to improve our picture in other’s minds tomorrow, we have to get better, smarter and nicer today. Surprisingly, in this way we could change the world.This paper outlines the requirements for a modern and effective public diplomacy with a specific focus on Slovakia. It claims that civil society and private sector must be brought on board in order to include the entire spectrum of the society. If sustainability and credibility is to be achieved, fundamental values generated by own citizens must become a basis. Creating a distinguishable image in the fierce competition of other countries requires a consistent, diligent and patient effort. Special attention is paid to the sometimes strained political relations between Slovakia and Hungary and argues for the greater use of public diplomacy to influence positive change. The paper concludes by suggesting that carefully elaborated and targeted public diplomacy should...
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Contemporary Diplomacy
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This is a study of food and cooking practices within the theoretical framework of critical realism. The contribution of food to the Western public discourse is well documented and its symbolic significance is the subject of numerous studies. The literature review of this book focuses on the potential sources of the symbolic role of food, tracing its elevation to an exalted form of post-modernist consciousness under the heading of foodieism. The culturally omnivorous nature of foodieism is then related to literature based on the food neophilia model. Practice theories and reflexivity are discussed as tools of understanding how individuals partake in these social trends. The empirical findings supported the proposition that food-related practices are homologous to the wider concerns and projects of each individual and they do tend to play a significant perceived role in their realisation. The literature was validated, though one should not make too strong claims about the strength...
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The 2008 Beijing Olympics were ardently sought, lavishly staged and hugely successful. China successfully used the Olympics as a tool of public diplomacy with a positive impact on its politics, economics and environment. But how did Beijing beat the odds to stage the most spectacular Olympic event in history; and with what impact? China’s Public Diplomacy is reinforced and undercut by authoritarianism… Yet, global status demands more transparency and greater accountability. As PD becomes increasingly indispensable in the management of external affairs, China’s Olympic experience offers wider lessons. This book examines a topical issue of growing currency and wide relevancy to PD; puts the Olympics in a national and international context; highlights the paradox of China’s Public Diplomacy; underscores China’s successful national brand image as an emerging global power; offers valuable insights into deeper understanding of the rising China and its importance as a workshop of the world....
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In January 1919, in the Paris Peace Conference, US President Woodrow Wilson stated that diplomacy ought to be: “Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.” Due to the idea that diplomatic and foreign policy intrigues had led to the Great War of 1914-18, the call for transparency seemed the ultimate solution. Since then, secret diplomacy has been the object of controversy and a contradiction to the principles of liberal democracy. As the title indicates, this book will focus on the practice of secret diplomacy by liberal democracies. This is a practice that has been condemned, and this study is designed to use illustrations and analysis of secret diplomatic documents in order to investigate the following questions. Do liberal democracies still practice secret diplomacy? And, if they do, is such a practice justified in a democracy? Why is...
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Public diplomacy and nation branding have recently been important topics in the diplomatic communities around the world and the importance for governments of reaching out to foreign publics has been recognized like never before. This book explores why these concepts have risen to prominence amongst several ministries of foreign affairs, particularly in Europe and North America, lately and have become an integrated part of their diplomatic strategy. Whether public diplomacy and nation branding will contribute to an increased efficiency in reaching foreign policy goals is still unclear and is investigated in detail. From a foundation of a history of diplomatic practice the author explores if this new trend signifies a new era of diplomacy and international relations, or if it is merely an added function in a modern ministry of foreign affairs with little impact on the way diplomacy and communication between states have been conducted. This book will help provide a...
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A new approach to looking at the EU is presented in "European Union Public Diplomacy: The Need for a New Frame." Struggling to define and explain itself to foreign publics, the EU is often criticized for lacking one voice. Litvinsky shows that this criticism is actually incorrect because it assumes the EU is a nation-state. Instead, she contends, the EU is a supranational institution, unlike any other international entity, and, therefore, in need of a new set of criteria according to which it is evaluated by the world. Litvinsky offers specific suggestions for the EU''s new public diplomacy strategy in order to promote this new frame in the U.S. and abroad. She argues that the union must educate publics about its innovation and leadership in global governance and highlight the ways in which it is constantly evolving and improving.
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The declaration of independence marked a new era for Kosovo and its relations with the countries that have recognized its independence. Since then Kosovo is striving in its diplomatic efforts to achieve broader international recognition and become a member of the United Nations. Instruments of traditional diplomacy do not necessarily present the sole means of Kosovo to interact with other States to the service of its foreign policy and the practice of international relations. In modern times, public diplomacy is receiving broad recognition as a crucial element for understanding and influencing foreign publics. Outreach, communication and understanding present the core concepts necessary to successfully complement traditional diplomacy in fulfilling foreign policy objectives. Driven by foreign policy challenges, public diplomacy efforts and practices are emerging as tools to proactively engage with non-governmental actors such as: think-tanks, research institutes, academia,...
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The nature of the Nigerian State in committee of nations imperatively calls for a thorough examination of the entity called NIGERIA. This is because the country is highly endowed with both human and material resources,yet enmeshed with governance problems.Prior to independence, what seemed practicable was communal system of administration, where governance was done traditionally but at the same time hierarchically distributed and the economic base was subsistence, giving no room for serious comparative advantage. With the advent of foreign administrative style, governance toed a different dimension particularly, the process of unifying the different communities, amalgamation of the various people and tribes in the name of Protectorate, the use of indirect system of administration. No doubt, the introduction of western education opened the eyes and mind of many but even at that many things went wrong that need to be corrected,especially as the nation clocks fifty one years of...
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Models of Bounded Rationality V 1 – Economic Analysis and Public Policy
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Provides an exhaustive account of the United States Information Agency - an essential element of American foreign policy during the Cold War.
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The starting point of this work consists of several papers published by the author ten years ago. The main idea was to give algebraic descriptions and (sometimes) geometric interpretations for some basic concepts of the Vector Lattice Theory as: vector lattices, Archimedean vector lattices, sublattices, lattice-subspaces, solid subsets, ideals, (o)-dense subspaces. In addition we considered some linear operators commuting with the lattice operations such as the classical Riesz homomorphisms, but also the restricted-lattice operators and quasi-lattice operators, introduced by the author. The extension of restricted-lattice operators is studied as well. By giving algebraic descriptions of the above mentioned vector lattice concepts, the paper is a non standard approach. But, at the same time, by these algebraic descriptions of the classical definitions, the paper shows a way to generalize some notions from vector lattices to ordered vector spaces. Consequently this work is especially...
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The legitimacy of European politics would, according to the model of deliberative democracy, neither arise from pure liberal rights nor the actual participation in meetings, but rather out of the possibility for citizens to participate in deliberations. Deliberations demand the existence of public spaces where citizens can meet freely to enter these deliberations. The Internet appears as a tempting new means to secure, protect or even to further develop democracy, since it could foster new ways of citizens’ participation in deliberations. The task of this book is to explore the Internet’s potential to serve as a public space for European deliberative democracy. The book analyses and discusses the question, how a European democracy could be possible and what role the Internet could play in that perspective. Although the book does not seek a final conclusion to the questions raised, it finds that the Internet could serve as a new public space for European deliberative democracy...
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Place Attachment has been defined as an affirmative expressive bond between people and their surroundings, in terms of psychological well-being. Within the context of religious places, not only spiritual concepts, but also the architectural features of the space could play important roles in forming users’ place attachment. This research investigated Malaysian [mosque] users’ attachment to contemporary public-funded mosques in Malaysia. The results revealed that Malaysian users have strong emotional attachment to all studied mosques, due to their significance as religious and cultural places. However, there was no evidence to show that the architectural styles of the selected mosques could significantly affect the users’ Place Attachment. Finally, the results indicated that the respondents were strongly attached to the existing social links to individual experiences, religious status of the places, aesthetic aspects of the architectural elements, spatial order, pleasant surroundings,...
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